This is a translation by IFEX of an article originally published in our website in spanish. 

In response to Semana magazine’s revelation that the Army has been carrying out a digital surveillance programme, we, the journalists who have been profiled by military intelligence, with support from the Foundation for Press Freedom, express our condemnation of these actions. The majority of the military’s targets were journalists, both local and international, as well as politicians, generals and individuals from non-government organisations and trade unions – at least 130 victims in total.

Beyond our condemnation, however, we demand answers to some questions because, despite the information available, we are unable to fully comprehend the extent of these illegal actions ordered by a security force that, rather than persecuting and stigmatising us, has an obligation to provide guarantees for our work as journalists:

1. Who gave the order for military intelligence agencies to conduct surveillance and profile journalists and media outlets? These actions constitute a direct attack on guarantees for the free exercise of journalism in Colombia.
   
   
2. One of the purposes of military intelligence is to protect human rights and prevent and combat internal and external threats that compromise national security. Are we, the journalist and media outlets that were targeted with state surveillance, a threat to national security? What criteria were used to justify these actions against the media, applying measures that are meant to combat crime?
   
   
3. Who were the recipients and/or who had access to the files containing the profiles and surveillance information obtained on journalists, politicians and human rights defenders?
   
   
4. What knowledge or information does President Iván Duque, the Minister of Defence or other high level officials possess regarding these illegal surveillance activities? What actions will they take to guarantee that journalists can carry out their work without being targeted by profiling, surveillance and stigmatisation?
   
   

According to the Semana magazine investigation, military intelligence operatives carried out an illegal monitoring programme. As such, we demand that the illegally collected information be handed over to the individuals who came under surveillance and were subjected to profiling.

Today, on 3 May, World Press Freedom Day, we demand to hear from President Duque’s government and we remind the president of the Colombian government’s obligation has to provide guarantees for press freedom and the free exercise of journalism, which constitute pillars of a democratic society.

Signatories

Journalists who have been targeted with military profiling: 

Juan Forero, The Wall Street Journal

Nicholas Casey, corresponsal de The New York Times

Yolanda Ruiz Ceballos, RCN Radio y columnista de El Espectador

María Alejandra Villamizar, Caracol Radio y Caracol TV

Daniel Coronell, Univisión

Ignacio Gómez, Noticias Uno

Dayana Rodríguez Bernal, Radio Nacional de Colombia

Equipo de Rutas del Conflicto: Óscar Parra, Lidha Beltrán Valero, Luisa María Rincón Guzmán, Paula Andrea Hernández Vargas, María del Pilar Puentes Espinosa, David Leonardo Riaño Valencia, Silvia Natalia Corredor Rodríguez, María Jimena Neira Niño, Alvaro Andrés Avendaño Alba, Juan Pablo Gómez Peña, Carol Lizeth Sánchez Fonnegra, Nicole Acuña Cepeda, Juana Teresa Callejas, Fernanda Barbosa dos Santos, Germán Alejandro Ballesteros Coral, Santiago Luque Pérez, Ricardo Sánchez Gómez, Richard Stiven Romero Trochez, Daniela Aguirre

John Otis, corresponsal de NPR y del Comité para la Protección de los Periodistas -CPJ-

Stephen Ferry, independiente

Camilo Poveda, Blu Radio

Andrés Cardona Cruz, fotorreportero, Florencia

Federico Ríos, fotoperiodista

Nicolás Bedoya, fotoperiodista

Christian Escobar Mora, fotoperiodista

Karem Racines, periodista independiente que escribe para La Liga Contra el Silencio

Ginna Morelo, La Liga Contra el Silencio

Fundación para la Libertad de Prensa -FLIP-

This petition is supported by:

Jineth Bedoya Lima, Premio Unesco Guillermo Cano 2020 y SubEditora de El Tiempo

Cecilia Orozco, Noticias Uno

Jaime Abello Banfi, director de la Fundación Gabo

José Manuel Acevedo, Noticias RCN

Juanita León, directora de La Silla Vacía

Maria Teresa Ronderos, Junta Directiva del Comité para la Protección de Periodistas -CPJ.

Camilo Acosta, La Liga Contra el Silencio

Camilo Sánchez, La Liga Contra el Silencio

José Díaz, La Liga Contra el Silencio

Sara Castillejo, La Liga Contra el Silencio

Jeanneth Valdivieso, La Liga Contra el Silencio

Fidel Cano, director de El Espectador

Gustavo Gómez, Caracol Radio

Diana Calderón, Caracol Radio

Érika Fontalvo, directora de El Heraldo

Diana Durán, El Espectador

Néstor Morales, Blu Radio

Camila Zuluaga, Blu Radio y Noticias Caracol

Damián Esteban Landínez Cañón, Blu Radio

Mabel Lara, Noticias Uno

Darío Fernando Patiño, periodista

Rodrigo Uprimny, columnista El Espectador

José Guarnizo, periodista independiente

Ernesto Cortés, editor general de El Tiempo

Juan Roberto Vargas, director de Noticias Caracol

Alberto Medina, subdirector de Noticias Caracol

Fernando Ramírez, editor de Noticias de La Patria

Camilo Vallejo, columnista de La Patria

Omar Rincón, crítico de tv, El Tiempo

Esperanza Rico L. directora del Sistema Informativo de RCN Radio

Francisco Leal Mateus, periodista y abogado independiente

Jairo Ernesto Tarazona, periodista de RCN Radio

Dora Montero, periodista de Noticias RCN y Presidenta de CdR

Sinar Alvarado, columnista en The New York Times

Nathan Jaccard, editor Latam OCCRP

Claudia Julieta Duque, Radio Nizkor

Carlos Eduardo Huertas, director Connectas

Patricia Gomez, RCN

Juan David Laverde, periodista de Noticias Caracol

Juan Diego Restrepo E., Verdad Abierta

Bibiana Ramírez, VerdadAbierta

Olga Behar, periodista independiente

Carmen Rosa Pabón, periodista Arauca

Sara Trejos, Presunto Podcast

Maru Lombardo, Presunto Podcast

Santiago Rivas, Presunto Podcast

Javier Osuna, director Fahrenheit 451

Lorenzo Morales, colaborador de La Liga Contra el Silencio y Cerosetenta

Óscar Durán, CrossmediaLab de la Universidad Jorge Tadeo Lozano

Juan Camilo Maldonado, Mutante

Elizabeth Otálvaro, Mutante

Natalia Ospina, Mutante

María Claudia Dávila, Mutante

Luisa Rengifo, Mutante

Laura Cruz, Mutante

Juliana Castellanos, directora Unidad de Investigación Periodística del Poli

Alejandro Gómez Dugand, Cerosetenta

Natalia Arenas, Cerosetenta

Tania Tapia, Cerosetenta

Manuela Saldarriaga,Cerosetenta

María Fernanda Fitzgerald, Cerosetenta

Sebastián Payán, Cerosetenta

Natalia Botero Duque, fotoperiodista

Betty Martínez, Diario del Norte y TuuPutchika en La Guajira

Jorge Cárdenas, periodista Villavicencio

Adriana Villegas, columnista de La Patria

Alejandro Samper Arango, columnista de La Patria

Martín Franco Vélez, columnista de La Patria

Fabio Posada, periodista independiente

Julián Martínez, periodista independiente

Cesar Molinares, periodista independiente

Catalina Loboguerrero, periodista independiente

Camilo Jiménez Santofimio, periodista independiente

Óscar Sánchez, periodista independiente

Carlos Chica, defensor de audiencias del Canal Capital

Mauricio Beltrán, director de Fedemedios

Claudia Marcela Mejía, periodista independiente

María Paulina Baena, La Pulla

Patricia Nieto, periodista de Hacemos Memoria Universidad de Antioquia

Karim Ganem Maloof, El Malpensante

Maryluz Vallejo, Directo Bogotá

Belén Pardo, Vokaribe Radio

Ivan Mercado, Vokaribe Radio

Patricia Rendón, Vokaribe Radio

Walter Hernández, Vokaribe Radio

Alfredo González, Vokaribe Radio

Octavio González, Vokaribe Radio

Equipo editorial Actualidad Panamericana

PACIFISTA!

La Cola de Rata

Carolina Guerrero, Radio Ambulante

Daniel Alarcón, Radio Ambulante

David Trujillo, Radio Ambulante

Camila Segura, Radio Ambulante

Laura Rojas Aponte, Radio Ambulante

Constanza Bruno, periodista independiente

Fernanda Pineda, fotorreportera

Natalia Guerrero Ulloa, periodista independiente

Santiago Wills, periodista independiente

Andrea Aldana, periodista de El Poder en Semana TV / Investigadora Fundación Paz y Reconciliación Colombia

Paula Thomas, Reojo colectivo

Charlie Cordero, Reojo colectivo

Santiago Mesa, Reojo colectivo

Andrés Buitrago, Reojo colectivo

Gerald Bermúdez, periodista y fotorreportero freelance

Andrés Páramo, periodista independiente

Diego Alarcón, periodista independiente

Laila Abu Shihab Vergara, periodista independiente

Carlos Cortés Castillo, La Mesa de Centro

MaryLuz Avendaño, periodista independiente

César Rojas Ángel, periodista independiente

Gloria Castrillón, Colombia 2020 de El Espectador

Natalia Herrera, Colombia 2020 de El Espectador

Laura Dulce Romero, Colombia 2020 de El Espectador

Beatriz Valdes, Colombia 2020 de El Espectador

Nicolás Sánchez, Colombia 2020 de El Espectador

Sebastián Forero, Colombia 2020 de El Espectador

Carolina Ávila, Colombia 2020 de El Espectador

Edinson Bolaños, Colombia 2020 de El Espectador

Valentina Parada, Colombia 2020 de El Espectador

Ramiro Bejarano Guzmán, columnista de El Espectador

Alexánder Marín, editor sección Bogotá, El Espectador

Sergio Silva, El Espectador

Alejandra Bonilla Mora, El Espectador

David Tarazona, Cuestión Pública

Diana Salinas, Cuestión Pública

Claudia Báez, Cuestión Pública

Mariana Escobar Roldán, periodista independiente

Natalia Arbeláez, La Silla Vacía

Laura Ardila, La Silla Vacía

Blanca Berrío, periodista de Zenú Radio

Angélica Cuevas, periodista independiente

Tatiana Pardo, periodista independiente

Andrés Bermúdez, periodista independiente

Alejandro Pino, director editorial de Publimetro

German Calvo, Cuarto de Hora

Cindy Morales, periodista

Rafael Quintero, editor de datos de El Tiempo

Julio César Guzmán, editor de El Tiempo

Carlos Solano, director de la Escuela de Periodismo Multimedia de El Tiempo

Juan David López, periodista de El Tiempo

Ricardo Galán, director de Libreta de Apuntes

José Marulanda, periodista de Unicauca Estéreo

José Gabriel Celis, Rotonda Deportiva

Felipe Restrepo Pombo, escritor, editor y periodista

Sandra Castro, Red de Medios Alternativos y Populares

Jorge Luis Galeano Bolaños, director de Hechoencali.com

Laura Sofía Mejía, directora y cofundadora de Baudó Agencia Pública

Victor Hugo Soto Galeano, fotoperiodista y cofundador de Baudó Agencia Pública

Angie Salazar Marmolejo, Comunicación externa y digital de Baudó Agencia Pública

Mateo Medina Abad, estudiante de Comunicación Social de la Universidad Javeriana

Programa de Periodismo y Opinión Pública de la Universidad del Rosario

Beatriz Elena Marín Ochoa, presidenta de la Asociación Colombiana de Investigadores en Comunicación -Acicom-

Red de Corresponsales de la FLIP: Javier Jules (Bogotá), Sonia Godoy (Cauca), Orlado Cetina (Huila y Amazonas), Luis Oñate (Magdalena), Germán Arenas (Putumayo), Carmen Rosa Pabón (Arauca), Jorge Cárdenas (Meta), Betty Martínez (La Guajira), César Pizarro (San Andrés), Ángel Romero (Norte de Santander), Ricardo Cipagauta (Boyacá), Juan Pablo Sánchez (Caquetá), Ana María Saavedra (Valle del Cauca), Máryuri Trujillo (Tolima), Yeison Rojas (Urabá Antioqueño), Félix Quintero (Santander).

Miguel Orlando Alguero, La Patria

Blanca Eugenia Giraldo, La Patria

Julián Guerrero, Revista Cartel Urbano

Alejandro Villegas Oyola, RCN Radio

Angélica Latorre Coronado, periodista independiente

Diego Delgado, coordinador de Documental Amarillo

Carol Valencia, Consejo de Redacción (CdR)

Diana Carolina Ampudia Castillo, Red+ Noticias

Santiago Restrepo, ingeniero aeronáutico e investigador independiente

Priyanka Arias, SOS Mamá (Encuentroradio.co)

Valeria Murcia, El Colombiano

Luis Carlos Vélez, periodista

Luz María Tobón Vallejo, periódico El Mundo

Luis Carlos Gómez, editor general de Colprensa

José Luis Peñarredonda, periodista independiente

Paula Pinzón, periodista independiente

David Pereañez, periodista independiente

María Isabel Moreno, periodista independiente

Edison Henao, periodista independiente

Miren Vitore Magyaroff, Publimetro

Jénnifer Mejía, periodista independiente

Valentina Arango, periodista independiente

Laura Castrillón, periodista independiente

Gonzalo Guillén, La Nueva Prensa

Diana López zuleta, La Nueva Prensa

Julián F. Martínez, La Nueva Prensa

Daniel Mendoza Leal, La Nueva Prensa

Juan Trujillo, La Nueva Prensa

Jorge A. Sánchez Vargas, periodista independiente

Wílver Raíllo Pitalúa, director programa radial Ciudad Global

Jamie Paola López Albarracín, estudiante de último semestre de Periodismo y Opinión Pública de la Universidad del Rosario.

Fátima Martínez, profesora de Periodismo del Programa de Periodismo de la Universidad del Rosario y directora del medio digital universitario de la facultad PlazaCapital.co

Red Colombiana de Periodismo Universitario y sus medios integrantes: Datéate al minuto, Tinta Negra (Uniminuto Bogotá), Unimedios (Universidad Santiago de Cali), Un Pretexto (Universidad de Boyacá), Norte Urbano (Uniminuto Bello), Ciudad Vaga (Universidad del Valle), En Primera Persona (Universidad Católica de Pereira), Periódico 15 (Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga), Entre Nos, El Anzuelo Medios (Universidad de Ibagué), Contexto (Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana – Medellín), De la Urbe (Universidad de Antioquia), Sextante (Universidad Católica Luis Amigó), Unisabana Medios (Universidad de La Sabana), Bitácora, Nexos (Universidad EAFIT), Página, UniDiario, La UM Central (Universidad de Manizales), Unicomedio, Unicomfacauca Radio (Unicomfacauca), CrossmediaLab (Universidad Jorge Tadeo Lozano – Bogotá), Conexión Lasallista (Corporación Universitaria Lasallista), Ágora, Miradas y Voces (Universidad de Pamplona), Plataforma, Estación V (Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana – Bucaramanga), Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira

International journalists:

Mónica González, periodista independiente, Chile

Peter Limbourg, director general de la Deutsche Welle

Carsten von Nahmen, director de la Deutsche Welle Akademie

Rodrigo Villarzú, director DW Akademie América Latina

Fabiola Gutiérrez, La Pública, Bolivia

Marcela Turati, periodista independiente, México

Miguel Dimayuga, fotorreportero revista Proceso, México

Lise Josefsen Hermann, periodista freelance, Ecuador, Dinamarca

Raul Romero fotorreportero, Venezuela

Nicola Frioli, fotógrafo, Italia

Sara Aliaga T., fotorreportero, Bolivia

Román Camacho, fotoperiodista, Venezuela

Desirée Esquivel, periodista en Ciencia del Sur, Paraguay

Isabela Ponce, GK, Ecuador

Luz Mely Reyes, directora de Efecto Cocuyo, Venezuela

Fabiola Torres, Salud con Lupa, Perú

Thelma Gómez, periodista independiente, México

Francesco Manetto, El País de España

Catalina Oquendo, El País de España

Santiago Torrado, El País de España

Pere Ortín, periodista y documentalista, director Altair Magazine, España

Paulette Desormeaux, periodista independiente, Chile

Diego Salazar, periodista independiente, Perú

Periodistas Sin Cadenas, Ecuador

La Barra Espaciadora, Ecuador

Martha Pskowski, editora de Latin America News Dispatch con sede en Nueva York

Liza López, directora de Historias que laten, Venezuela

Jonathan Gutiérrez, editor de Historias que laten, Venezuela

María Fernanda Rodríguez, corresponsal de El Pitazo y de IPYS Venezuela

Rafael Sulbarán, periodista independiente de Venezuela

APIC, Asociación de Prensa Internacional en Colombia

Today, April 30, 2020, UNESCO announced that Colombian journalist Jineth Bedoya Lima has been awarded with the Guillermo Cano Press Freedom Prize, 2020 edition.

The UNESCO Guillermo Cano Award is led by the Guillermo Cano Isaza Foundation and Unesco, with the support of the Helsingin Sanomat Foundation and the Namibia Media Trust. It is the highest worldwide recognition in the field of press freedom.

In all its editions, this award has been a tribute to the legacy and courage of Colombian journalist Guillermo Cano Isaza. For 24 years, the award has traveled the world, recognizing courageous journalists who have stood out for their contributions to the defense and promotion of free journalism.

This year, the global award for an outstanding Colombian journalist arrives for the first time to its home country, to highlight journalist Jineth Bedoya, deputy editor of El Tiempo newspaper, director of the No es Hora de Callar (This is no Time to Remain Silent) campaign, defender of women's rights, and champion against impunity for crimes against the press. Jineth is a survivor of the kidnapping, torture and sexual violence she suffered in 2000, when he was part of the judicial newsroom of El Espectador newspaper, the same media that mister Guillermo Cano Isaza led until the last day of his life.

For FLIP, today is an incredibly special and emotional day. We have had the honor of first-hand knowing the rigor and persistence of Jineth Bedoya in the struggle for a free press and against the impunity of her own case. Since 2010, we have supported the judicial representation of her case before the Colombian criminal system and before the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, an organization that this year will evaluate the international liability of the Colombian State in her case, that was declared as a crime against humanity since 2012.

We call on the Colombian society to applaud Jineth Bedoya for this well-deserved recognition. Her story and struggle are as inspiring as they are important for a country where violence against women, attacks on the press and censorship continue to be attacks on civil liberties that, unfortunately, exist in Colombia.

“I believe that UNESCO’s Guillermo Cano Award is that: to show the world that voices often are much more powerful than the anger and rage of those who want to silence us”: Jineth Bedoya.

“When I met Jineth, I was struck by her tenacity and courage, but I was also shocked to realize how hard the struggle for justice is. Your story, Jineth, is an example for everyone, to continue to advance in the search for justice without hesitation": Guilherme Canela, advisor on Communication and Information of the UNESCO Office.

Today, April 30, 2020, UNESCO announced that Colombian journalist Jineth Bedoya Lima has been awarded with the Guillermo Cano Press Freedom Prize, 2020 edition.

The UNESCO Guillermo Cano Award is led by the Guillermo Cano Isaza Foundation and Unesco, with the support of the Helsingin Sanomat Foundation and the Namibia Media Trust. It is the highest worldwide recognition in the field of press freedom.

In all its editions, this award has been a tribute to the legacy and courage of Colombian journalist Guillermo Cano Isaza. For 24 years, the award has traveled the world, recognizing courageous journalists who have stood out for their contributions to the defense and promotion of free journalism.

This year, the global award for an outstanding Colombian journalist arrives for the first time to its home country, to highlight journalist Jineth Bedoya, deputy editor of El Tiempo newspaper, director of the No es Hora de Callar (This is no Time to Remain Silent) campaign, defender of women's rights, and champion against impunity for crimes against the press. Jineth is a survivor of the kidnapping, torture and sexual violence she suffered in 2000, when he was part of the judicial newsroom of El Espectador newspaper, the same media that mister Guillermo Cano Isaza led until the last day of his life.

For FLIP, today is an incredibly special and emotional day. We have had the honor of first-hand knowing the rigor and persistence of Jineth Bedoya in the struggle for a free press and against the impunity of her own case. Since 2010, we have supported the judicial representation of her case before the Colombian criminal system and before the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, an organization that this year will evaluate the international liability of the Colombian State in her case, that was declared as a crime against humanity since 2012.

We call on the Colombian society to applaud Jineth Bedoya for this well-deserved recognition. Her story and struggle are as inspiring as they are important for a country where violence against women, attacks on the press and censorship continue to be attacks on civil liberties that, unfortunately, exist in Colombia.

“I believe that UNESCO’s Guillermo Cano Award is that: to show the world that voices often are much more powerful than the anger and rage of those who want to silence us”: Jineth Bedoya.

“When I met Jineth, I was struck by her tenacity and courage, but I was also shocked to realize how hard the struggle for justice is. Your story, Jineth, is an example for everyone, to continue to advance in the search for justice without hesitation": Guilherme Canela, advisor on Communication and Information of the UNESCO Office.

This is a translation by IFEX of an article originally published in our website in spanish. 

In response to an article published by Semana magazine, titled ‘Las carpetas secretas’ (‘The Secret Files’), and other information we have gleaned, the Foundation for Press Freedom (FLIP) states the following:

1. We emphatically condemn the ongoing and intensifying profiling and surveillance of journalists by state intelligence agencies in Colombia. These practices—which are characteristic of authoritarian regimes—contravene the government’s freedom of expression obligations and raise questions about society’s right to information and guarantees for the work of journalists.
   
   
2. On this particular occasion, profiling and surveillance of journalists by Colombian military intelligence agencies was carried out on a massive scale, and includes some cases of reckless descriptions of journalists as operating outside the law based on inferences and evaluations of articles they have written.  This represents a dangerous characterisation originating from military evaluation and classification of information that is relevant in a democratic environment, placing it within a wartime context. The profiles created contain both publicly-available and private information, including information about the individual’s families. No prior authorisation was obtained and, as such, the collection and analysis of sensitive portions of the information violates the purpose and principals of the Intelligence Law.
   
   
3. FLIP knows of at least 30 journalists who have been profiled in this manner. To date, information has been collected on María Alejandra Villamizar (Caracol Radio), Juan Forero (The Wall Street Journal), Daniel Coronell (Univisión), Federico Ríos (freelance for The New York Times), Óscar Parra (Rutas del Conflicto), Stephen Ferry (independent), Ginna Morelo (La Liga Contra el Silencio), Yolanda Ruiz (RCN Radio), Ignacio Gómez (Noticias UNO), Lindsay Addario (independent), Nicholas Casey (The New York Times), Jhon Otis (Committee to Protect Journalists and NPR) and a journalist and producer for Blu Radio. The Rutas del Conflicto (Conflict Routes) and La Liga Contra el Silencio (League Against Silence) media outlets have also been profiled.
   
   
4. Defence Minister Holmes Trujillo, the Office of the Attorney General and the current military leadership have all been aware of these actions since at least January 2020. The measures set out by the Defence Ministry to deal with the issue, however, were announced in a statement on social media just a few hours before Semana published its article. In its statement, the Defence Ministry outlined investigative and disciplinary actions there were being undertaken to deal with activities within the military’s ranks that could contravene the Intelligence Law, in addition to infringing on citizens’ rights and harming the military’s image. Disciplinary actions included mention of 11 officers who would be removed from their posts.

5. Faced with the impossibility of knowing exactly how many journalists have been affected by these actions and noting that more than three months have passed during which the Colombian mechanisms for protecting the press have been inoperational, on 4 March 2020 FLIP and CPJ filed a request for precautionary measures with the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR). The IACHR is currently evaluating the request for international protection. With this statement, FLIP is confirming the urgent need for the IACHR to activate the inter-American system’s precautionary protective measures for the journalists and media outlets that have been subjected to military intelligence profiling.
   
   
6. The profiling of journalists by the military represents an action that violates the objectives of intelligence and counter-intelligence operations, overstepping boundaries and threatening democracy and public debate. The statement released by the Defence Ministry is insufficient as it characterises the activities as “irregularities”, when in reality they constitute a serious violation of press freedom and human rights in general. There have been no answers regarding the objectives served by processing and analysing the information used to develop the profiles. There is no apparent relationship with the objectives and boundaries of intelligence work contained in Article 4 of the Intelligence Law and in the Constitutional Court’s 2012 review and ruling on the law.
   
   
7. FLIP views the Defence Ministry’s statement as insufficient and as such calls on the national government, as the highest civilian and military authority, to publicly provide explanations that, at minimum, cover the following information: i) the origin of the profiling and surveillance activities, ii) the purpose of the activities, iii) the military and political agencies that had access to the information collected, iv) the President’s position regarding the activities and associated concerns, v) the specific findings that resulted in the removal of 11 officers from their posts, and vi) actions that will be taken to ensure that these security force activities come to an end.
   
   
8. FLIP calls on the National Army to stop profiling local and international journalists and ensure that military personnel are aware that evaluation of journalistic content is the exclusive jurisdiction of the judiciary, to be conducted within a public and transparent framework.
   
   The Defence Ministry, which must be guided by human rights standards, should know that treating journalists as intelligence targets is in and of itself a serious violation of the right to press freedom and affects the conditions within which society may receive information on topics of public interest.
   
   

9. We, at FLIP, will continue monitoring this situation, informing journalists who we can verify have been subjected to profiling.
   
   
10. FLIP will also activate judicial and disciplinary control mechanisms and will call on the Colombian government to implement a monitoring program of its own. In addition, we will insist on the need for international observation and protection—particularly from the IACHR and diplomatic corps of the countries of origin of the international journalists who have been profiled—in order to re-establish democratic guarantees for press freedom in Colombia.

What is profiling?

The information collected by the military includes contact lists of the journalists profiled, as well as notes on race, religion, family members, friends, sources and home addresses, among others. The information also includes comments or “conclusions” referring to inferences made by military analysts regarding journalists’ political orientations. Geo-referencing information is included in some cases, detailing the locations visited by the journalists over several months. In addition, journalists’ social media interactions have been documented, and comments such as the following may be viewed: “Juan Forero: Is friends with León Valencia and supports the Green party. FARC supporter.” Comments such as these represent directed, stigmatising and reckless inferences that put the safety of journalists at risk.

• In one of the cases, the profiling of the journalist began as a result of disparaging comments made by a public official, who said that the journalist had received money from an armed group in order to publish false information, when in reality the journalistic work in question was legitimate and of high public interest.
  
  
• Some of the profiling cases included reconstruction of journalists’ contacts network, in addition to profiling of the contacts. From this it can be inferred that the military has information on sources that have provided information to journalists, thus violating the right of journalists to protect their sources and the obligation of the government to guarantee that right.
  
  
• Various media outlets and journalists were included by the military in a Twitter list created on the National Army’s official account, titled “Opposition”. The list was deleted after public complaints were raised on 11 March.
  
  
• The purpose of the profiling is not yet known, but the military’s analysis and questioning of the work of journalists gives serious cause for concern, particularly the inference that media personnel have presumed links with groups operating outside the law. Stigmatisation by officials, in which they, without proof, link journalists to illegal actions or organisations, is very dangerous. These inferences could be understood as a signal for members of the security forces, or even third parties that know of the profiling, to perpetrate attacks on the press.